Due to discrimination and power imbalances, early black churches in Geneva were established to gain equality, respect, and a sense of community. Separating themselves from white churches, black members formed churches like the Second Baptist Church (1815) and St. Philip’s Mission (1850). High Street Sabbath School opened in 1828 as the first Bible school for Black people in Geneva. Over time, additional churches have been established to meet parishioners' religious needs and the necessity for close community.
A decline in the Black population post-Civil War continued until World War II when the construction of the Seneca Army Depot and Sampson Naval Base brought military and laborers of many races to the area. Dissatisfied with the churches in Geneva, new arrivals formed the St. Paul Negro Missionary Baptist Church (1943) and Mount Calvary Church of God in Christ (1944).
Today, Black churches are active in missionary work and public outreach. Many have choirs, Bible studies, vaccine clinics, and youth ministries. Although some churches are facing declining members, church leaders believe focusing on the younger generation will lead to revitalization.
Founding dates:
St Paul’s Full Gospel Baptist Church 1943
Mount Calvary Church of God in Christ 1944
Mount Olive Missionary Baptist Church 1950
Church of God by Faith 1960s
First Love Church of God’s Revealed Truth 1980
Jericho Faith Ministries 2003
UNITY Church of God in Christ 2014
In 1972, Community Action Committee (COMAC), St. Paul’s Church, Mt. Olive Church, and Mt. Calvary Church sponsored a Miss Black pageant as a fundraiser. Upon winning, 10-year-old Robin Blue said, “I am conscious of my blackness and equally proud.”
Mount Calvary Church of God in Christ connects with their online members by maintaining an active Facebook page. They broadcast Sunday services, host Facebook Live Bible Studies, and announce community news.
The Mount Olive Missionary Baptist Church Choir led by James Richmond Jr. (front), 1975
Originally founded as St Paul Victory Missionary Baptist Church in 1943, it was renamed in the 1950s as St Paul’s Community Baptist Church. In 1970, under the leadership of Pastor Willie Brazil and other deacons, the congregation built their current church at 76 East North Street (pictured here). It was renamed St Paul’s Full Gospel Baptist Church in the early 2000s.